After initial measurement, other borrowed funds are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on the issue and costs that are an integral part of the EIR. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. (i) Derecognition of financial assets A financial asset (or, where applicable a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is derecognised when the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired. The Group and the Company also derecognise the assets if it has both transferred the asset, and the transfer qualifies for derecognition. The Group and the Company have transferred the asset if, and only if, either it has transferred its contractual rights to receive cash flows from the asset or it retains the rights to the cash flow. It retains the rights to the cash flows but has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a ‘pass–through’ arrangement. Pass-through arrangements are transactions when the Group and the Company retain the contractual rights to receive the cash flows of a financial asset (the ‘original asset’), but assumes a contractual obligation to pay those cash flows to one or more entities (the ‘eventual recipients’), when all of the following three conditions are met: • the Group and the Company have no obligation to pay amounts to the eventual recipients unless it has collected equivalent amounts from the original asset, excluding short-term advances by the entity with the right of full recovery of the amount lent plus accrued interest at market rates. • the Group and the Company cannot sell or pledge the original asset other than as security to the eventual recipients for the obligation to pay them cash flows. • the Group and the Company have to remit any cash flows they collect on behalf of the eventual recipients without material delay. In addition, the Group and the Company are not entitled to reinvest such cash flows, except for investments in cash or cash equivalent during the short settlement period from the collection date to the date of required remittance to the eventual recipients, and interest earned on such investments is passed to the eventual recipients. A transfer only qualifies for derecognition if: • The Group and the Company have transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset. • The Group and the Company have neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset. In relation to the above, the Group and the Company consider the control to be transferred if, and only if, the transferee has the practical ability to sell the asset in its entirety to an unrelated third party and is able to exercise that ability unilaterally and without needing to impose additional restrictions on the transfer. When the Group and the Company have transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass– through arrangement, and have neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset nor transferred control of the asset, the asset is recognised to the extent of the Group’s and the Company’s continuing involvement in it. In that case, the Group and the Company also recognise an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Group and the Company have retained. Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original carrying amount of the asset and the maximum amount of consideration that the Group and the Company could be required to repay. The Group and the Company also derecognise a financial asset, in particular, a loan to customer when the terms and conditions have been renegotiated to the extent that it substantially became a new loan, with the difference, i.e. difference between the original loan’s carrying amount and the new loan’s carrying amount (present value), recognised as impairment in the profit or loss. (ii) Derecognition of financial Liabilities A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged, cancelled or expired. Where an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference between the carrying value of the original financial liability and the consideration paid is recognised in profit or loss. 137 Introduction Group Overview Leadership Strategy & Performance Risk Management Corporate Governance Statutory Disclosures Financial
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