(iv) Measurement categories of financial assets and liabilities The Group and the Company classify all of its financial assets based on the business model for managing the assets and the asset’s contractual terms, measured at either: • Amortised cost. • Fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL). The measurement of amortised cost is explained in note (n)(v) and fair value through profit or loss is explained in note (n)(ix). The Group’s and the Company’s financial liabilities are measured at amortised cost. (v) Deposits with banks, loans and advances, and financial assets at amortised cost. Deposits with banks and loans, advances to customers and receivables consisted of non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. After initial measurement, amounts due from these financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR methodology, less allowances for expected credit losses. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees and costs that are an integral part of EIR. Therefore, the Group and the Company recognise interest income using a rate of return that represents the best estimate of a constant rate of return over the expected behavioural life of the loan, hence, recognising the effect of potentially different interest rates charged at various stages, and other characteristics of the product life cycle (prepayments, penalty interest and charges). If expectations are revised, the adjustment is booked as a positive or negative adjustment to the carrying amount in the balance sheet with an increase or reduction in interest income. The adjustment is subsequently amortised through interest and similar income in profit or loss. The Group and the Company only measure deposits with banks, loans and advances to customers, receivables and financial assets at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met: • The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows. • The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding. (vi) Effective interest rate The effective interest rate (EIR) is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments or receipts through the expected life of the financial instrument or, when appropriate a shorter period, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset or financial liability. The amortised cost of the financial asset or financial liability is adjusted if the Group and the Company revise its estimates of payments or receipts. The adjusted amortised cost is calculated based on the original or latest re-estimated EIR and the change is recorded as ‘interest income’ for financial assets and ‘interest expense’ for financial liabilities. (vii) Business model assessment An assessment of the objective of a business model in which an asset is held at a portfolio level is made because this best reflects the way the business is managed and information is provided to management. The information considered includes: • the stated policies and objectives for the portfolio and the operation of those policies in practice. In particular, whether management’s strategy focuses on earning contractual interest revenue, maintaining a particular interest rate profile, matching the duration of the financial assets to the duration of the liabilities that are funding those assets or realising cash flows through the sale of the assets; • how the performance of the portfolio is evaluated and reported to the management; the risks that affect the performance of the business model (and the financial assets held within that business model) and how those risks are managed; EXPLANATORY NOTES 30 SEPTEMBER 2023 2. ACCOUNTING POLICIES Continued 2.8 Significant accounting policies Continued (n) Financial instruments - Initial recognition and subsequent measurement Continued 120 CIM FINANCE ANNUAL REPORT
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